The multiple intelligence mi theory created by howard gardner, is based on eight different intelligences which reflect a person s intellectual ability. Naturalist intelligence designates the human ability to discriminate among living things plants, animals as well as. Spearman, gardner, sternberg, and saloveymayer explains these different types of theories. The plural was chosen intentionally, although we know a good deal about individual differences in human cognition, there is no monolithic, agreedupon, allpurpose theory to organize these facts, nor is there likely to be one.
At present, intelligence is a diffuse concept and there are multitudes of theories that attempt to explain it. Howard gardner is an american psychologist who first proposed his theory in the 1980s. Learn about the various theories of intelligence since many psychologists dont agree. Intelligence in psychology types and characteristics.
If you have ever wondered about what motivates human thought and behavior. Intelligence is assimilation to the extent that it incorporates all the given data of experience within its framework. Theories of intelligence there are different theories about intelligence, none of which agreee with each other. The theory of multiple intelligences since then, the multiple intelligences theory been used as one of the primary models for research that has. He believes each of us have all of the eight types of intelligence to varying degrees. Different theorists have focused on different processes or aspects of these. Different types of emotional intelligence to examine socalled types of ei, we can examine what people with high ei have the capacity to do. Theories of intelligence video cognition khan academy. These critics argue that gardners definition of intelligence is too broad and that his eight different intelligences simply represent talents, personality traits, and abilities. Manual for the eysenck personality questionnaire epqr adult. Crystallized intelligence continues to grow throughout adulthood. Wechsler intelligence scale for childrenthird edition wisciii.
This type of person is usually more reserved but at the same time commands great admiration from their peers. Different types of theories in intelligence essay 884 words. The 8 types of intelligence by howard gardner multiple. While artificial intelligence ai has become a commonly used and understood term, there is still a degree of obscurity regarding the different types of.
Spatial intelligence is the ability to think in three dimensions. The theory of multiple intelligences differentiates human intelligence into specific modalities, rather than seeing intelligence as dominated by a single general ability. Gardners seven types of intelligence include spatialvisual, an important intelligence for artists, sculptors, navigators, and builders. Used with children 6 to 16 multiple intelligences howard gardner gardner thinks there are eight types of intelligence. Different types of theories in intelligence 2march, 20 there are different types of theories for intelligence. Feel free to share this infographic by clicking on it. In the practice of intelligence, theories are crucial in creating applications that address the. Spearman gave his two factor theory of intelligence in 1904. The nine different types of intelligence examined existence. The theory of multiple intelligences, he suggests that there are actually 9 types of intelligence. What are the different theories of intelligence in psychology. According to gardner there are nine different types of intelligence.
Theories of intelligence in psychology verywell mind. The last three variables s1, s2, and s3 were all different kinds. This guide is a brief compilation of teachingrelated information from several sources, including instructional guidebooks from other institutions, journals, and contributions from master teachers and academic support units at northern illinois university. Different concepts of intelligence it is important to look at the history of intelligence theories, if we want to understand the structure and content of intelligence tests iq tests, and the import of intelligence. While robert sternberg agreed with gardner that intelligence is much broader than a single, general ability, he instead suggested that some of gardners types of intelligence are better viewed as individual talents.
The first theory i want to talk about is the theory of general intelligence which was put forth by a man named charles spearman. Theories of intelligence, learning, and motivation as a basis for praxis dr eulalee nderuboddington. Multiple intelligences and successful intelligence that have been created, in part, to respond to. Instead, he sees intelligence as a resource that can be divided into modalities.
Thurstones theory suggested that intelligence cannot be. Young adults with this kind of intelligence may be. Theories and issues 23 the critics of gardners theory point out that it is difficult to see how all these seven intelligences meet his eight criteria e. According to the theory, an intelligence modality must fulfill eight criteria. Individuals who are below the average in intelligence and mental age find much difficulty in learning and the average intelligent persons can learn quickly. For starters, they are able to quickly and accurately solve a range of emotionrelated problems mayer, 2009. When a score is calculated and averaged across abilities, a general intelligence factor is established. An ability to identify and distinguish among different types of plants, animals, and. In this lesson, well look at the history of intelligence testing, major types of intelligence tests, and the debate and controversy over intelligence. Intelligence is the ability to learn, exercise judgment, and be imaginative. Instructional guide niu center for innovative teaching. He used factor analysis, which is a statistical procedure to identify clusters of related abilities. In this complete summary, we will look at the work of the following learning theorists.
The theories are grouped into four major theory types. Psychologist, howard gardner, introduced the theory of multiple types of intelligence. Howard gardner proposed this model in his 1983 book frames of mind. What are the different theories of intelligence in. My goal in this essay is to discuss different theories of how intelligence is related to performance in modern society. There are many psychology theories, but most can be categorized as one of four key types. Brandon copeland, former nfl linebacker for the new york jets, and alumnus of the university of pennsylvanias wharton school of business, gave a onehour guest lecture to ucr business students about his journey through sports, education and financial management. This categorization of intelligence was first theorized by developmental psychologist howard gardner in his 1983 book, frames of mind. Such theories specify the underlying structures posited to be. Instructor there are a number of different theories about what intelligence is and how to define it. Theories of intelligence, learning, and motivation as a basis. It is the oldest theory regarding the nature of intelligence and flourished. As such, they only measure some very limited aspects of.
There are three theories of intelligence which explain the nature of intelligence. The 8 types of intelligence by howard gardner multiple theory the theory of multiple intelligences howard gardner proposes that there are different types of intelligence that are present in all people, one of which is outstanding or predominant. Intrapersonal intelligence is a characteristic of someone that is deeply connected with themselves. Types of intelligence and how to find the one you are best in. Every approach to thinking comes up with its own different perspective and assumptions, often contradicting at least one earlier theory. The theory of multiple intelligences howard gardner proposes that there are different types of intelligence that are present in all people, one of which is outstanding or predominant prior to this theory, intelligence was thought of as a single entity, basically related to the ability to solve problems and that can bemeasuredthrough a simple iq test. Fluid intelligence peaks in adolescence and begins to decline progressively beginning around age 30 or 40. Some involve a general intelligence, some involve situational factors, and some involve both. Intelligence is a general factor that runs through all types of performance. Intelligence is broken down into nine different types, also called the nine domains of intelligence. Naturalistic intelligence is the intelligence of the natural world. Types of intelligence essay examples 1127 words bartleby. Questions about the structure of human intelligence.
Finally, gardner 1999a draws his last two criteria from traditional psychology and psychometrics to determine if a candidate intelligence makes it onto the list of specific abilities he calls multiple intelligences. Intelligence is the underlying ability to understand the world and cope with it challenges rathus, 20082009 pg. The discipline of intelligence studies to date has spent relatively little time on theorizing. Some psychologist comes up with a test of mental abilities and gives it to a lot of people. There must be support from experimental psychology that indicates the extent to which two operations are related or different. Which of the 9 types of intelligence is the secret to your. Their theory holds that an individuals overall intelligence is a result of different skills and abilities mixing and interacting together. Also if we want to be able to judge the validity of different iq. And this is where the 9 types of intelligence, or theory of multiple intelligences, first came into play. Pdf leadership styles and emotional intelligence dr. Many individuals differ because of the differences in intelligence. Despite the fact there are so many educational theorists, there are three labels that they all fall under. Both types of intelligence increase throughout childhood and adolescence. Gardners theory of multiple intelligences, however, is perhaps the best known of these.
Contemporary theories of intelligence scott barry kaufman. But before i get into that, i want to talk about a debate that pervades all of these different theories. Gardner claimed that mi theory illuminates the fact that humans exist in a multitude of contexts and that these contexts both call for and nourish different arrays and assemblies of intelligence. No single event in the history of mental testing has proved to be such momentous importance as his famous twofactor theoryguilfordpsychometric methods. Gardners theory has come under criticism from both psychologists and educators. Nine different types of intelligence have been identified ranging from numerical to interpersonal skills, which type are you. There are different theories about intelligence, none of which. The most basic types of ai systems are purely reactive. Sternberg proposed what he referred to as successful intelligence, which involves three different factors. Read this article to learn about the theories of intelligence. Together, the g and sfactors comprise what is called the twofactor theory of intelligence gfactor. The different kinds of intelligences contained in gardners system of multiple.
In contrast to the two theories of intelligence weve just examined, gardners theory proposes nine different types of intelligence. Theories of development provide a framework for thinking about human growth, development, and learning. The eight kinds of intelligence gardner described are. Among each of the seven types of intelligence, intrapersonal intelligence is considered the rarest. In psychology, there are two types of intelligence, as identified by american psychologists raymond cattell and john horn. Behaviourism is based on the idea that knowledge is independent and on the exterior of the learner. The theory of multiple intelligences back to outlinein the early 1980s, howard gardner opened the window to multiple intelligences mi, prof. Sailors, pilots, sculptors, painters, and architects all exhibit spatial intelligence. Core capacities include mental imagery, spatial reasoning, image manipulation, graphic and artistic skills, and an active imagination. None of them satisfactorily deals with the scope of intelligence. Physical, intellectual and emotional development is caused by the growth in age. The gfactor is comprised of subcomponents known as sfactors. These multiple intelligences are related to how an individual prefers to. Understanding the four types of artificial intelligence.